Presidential

Congressional

Who was in charge?

President Abraham Lincoln

President Andrew Johnson

Thaddeus Stevens

Charles Sumner

Other Radical Republicans

Dates

April-December 1865

1866-1877

Had the South left the Union?

No; executive branch believed it needed to restore the states to their proper relationship with the Union

Yes; the southern states had left the Union, were conquered territories, and should be treated accordingly

Acts/Action

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction 1863, 1865

Vetoed Wade Davis bill 1864

Pardoned most ex-Confederates

Thirteenth Amendment 1865

Civil Rights Act 1866

Renewed, expanded Freedmen’s Bureau

Fourteenth Amendment 1868

Reconstruction Acts 1867-1868

Tenure of Office Act 1867

Fifteenth Amendment 1870

Force Acts 1870-1871

Civil Rights Act 1875

Elements of Plans

South must:

     renounce secession

     ratify Thirteenth Amendment

     10% of voters from 1860 must swear allegiance  

     to Union

     Confederate officers, officials, wealthy must

     make special request for pardon

South must:

     ratify Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth

     Amendments

     accept black citizenship

     accept black men voting

Put 20,000 troops in the South

Confederate officials, officers, soldiers could not vote

Civil Rights Act of 1875 provided for social integration

Aid for Freedmen

None provided; up to the individual states to decide how and to what extent newly freed slaves would be helped

Created Freedmen’s Bureau, providing welfare and education to former slaves

Provided troops to protect black voting rights

No permanent land distribution, which gave rise to sharecropping and tenant farming